Nature exposure and well-being in Macao

This dissertation investigated the impact of nature exposure, namely access to
green elements, and time spent outdoors on well-being, specifically experiences of
positive and negative affect and flourishing, in Macao. Drawing on existing literature,
the study proposes the following hypotheses: H1: Access to green elements has a
positive relationship with positive affect. H2: Time spent outdoors moderates the
relationship between access to green elements and positive affect, in that more time
spent outdoors will strengthen the relationship. H3: Access to green elements has a
negative relationship with negative affect. H4: Time spent outdoors moderates the
relationship between access to green elements and negative affect, in that more time
spent outdoors will weaken the relationship. A quantitative methodology utilising
cross-sectional self-response questionnaires was employed for data collection. The
measures used were pre-validated and translated into Chinese through a rigorous
translation and back translation process. The final sample consisted of 740 participants
from different industries in Macao. The results highlight the significance of integrating
natural elements in daily life to promote flourishing and positive affect. The
implications of these findings, both in theoretical and practical terms, are thoroughly
discussed. The findings offer valuable insights for the implementation of the biophilic
practices by counsellors, educators, health professionals, urban planners, employers
and other decision makers.