澳門小學教師對於職業倦怠和壓力的應對策略

"ABSTRACT
With the development and progress of The Times, the society's high
requirements for teachers make the pressure of teachers increase day by day. The
negative evaluation of the teaching industry by the outside world has also cast a
shadow on the psychology of teachers, and more and more teachers have job burnout.
The development of The Times prompts the society to raise the requirements for
teachers, and the negative evaluation increases the pressure of teachers, leading to
job burnout, while the reduction of job burnout is more conducive to the robust
growth of teachers. Therefore, this paper takes primary school teachers in Macao as
the object, explores their job burnout status and causes through questionnaires and
interviews, and analyzes the relationship between social support and job burnout.
The study shows that the overall level of job burnout of Macao primary school
teachers is high, with emotional exhaustion and low personal achievement being the
most prominent, and the degree of dehumanization is relatively low. Emotional
exhaustion is reflected in teachers' excessive consumption of emotional resources due
to long-term heavy teaching, administrative load and multiple role pressure, and the
obvious decline of work enthusiasm and patience; Low personal achievement results
from the delayed nature of educational results, the excessive reliance of evaluation
mechanism on student achievement, and the lack of social recognition, which makes
it difficult for teachers to obtain stable value affirmation. Although overall
dehumanization is controllable, it is still seen that some teachers' emotional
investment in students decreases and the interaction tends to be mechanical, which is
related to class size, student behavior and school management style. Individual factors
affecting job burnout include personality traits, self-efficacy, personal expectation and
coping style; The non-individual factors were insufficient social support, weak
institutional support from school, limited emotional support from colleagues, and lack
of understanding from parents, which significantly aggravated burnout.
To solve these problems, the following strategies are proposed. At the individual level, teachers should enhance their self-efficacy and actively participate in training to
learn new educational concepts and methods. Adjust personal expectations and set
reasonable career goals according to your own situation; Improve your coping style,
face difficulties positively, and maintain an optimistic attitude. At the school level, it is
necessary to optimize management, establish a democratic and humanized system,
and give teachers the right to participate. Improve the evaluation system, considering
various factors; Build good interpersonal relationship and strengthen communication
between teachers and leaders. At the social level, we should strengthen support, raise
salaries, and give understanding and respect. Through these strategies, it is expected
to alleviate the job burnout and pressure of primary school teachers in Macao,
improve their work motivation and career satisfaction, and promote the healthy
development of teachers.