澳門托兒所教育人員對融合教育的態度

Inclusive education is a vital aspect of the education system in Macau, particularly during the preschool stage, which is crucial for early intervention. Teachers play a pivotal role in facilitating effective inclusive education. This study aims to investigate early childhood educators' attitudes and understanding of inclusive education, with the goal of contributing to its implementation in Macau.
By using qualitative methods, the research involved semi-structured interviews with eight early childhood educators. The findings revealed that:
1. The majority of participants expressed support for inclusive education, while one participant remained neutral due to concerns about insufficient professional knowledge and resources.
2. Only 3 out of 57 nurseries offer inclusive services, and a lack of resources hampers their effectiveness. Additionally, low parental participation negatively impacts early intervention outcomes.
3. Key challenges identified include the limited professional knowledge of novice teachers, difficulties in balancing individualized training with standard curricula, and low public awareness of inclusive education.
4. Educators recommended that the government enhance early intervention mechanisms, provide improved training, lower student-teacher ratios, and raise public awareness. These suggestions could aid schools, educators, and policymakers in advancing the implementation of inclusive education in Macau.

在澳門的教育架構當中，融合教育也是其中一部分，當中學前階段更是早期介入的關鍵期，近年，澳門政府更把融合教育延伸至托兒所階段。教育人員在推動融合教育的過程中，發揮著不可或缺的關鍵作用，期望探討澳門托兒所教育人員對融合教育的態度，以了解該他們在融合教育實施方面的現狀及教育工作者的看法，從而希望澳門可以更有效地推行融合教育。 本研究運用質性分析方式，選取半結構化訪談的形式開展。按照立意抽樣標準選8位不同托兒所教育者作為研究樣本，評估其對融合教育認知、實施挑戰，呈現澳門托兒所融合教育實際情況，探究教育人員認知態度，研究得到了以下結論。 一、 澳門托兒所教育人員普遍支持融合教育，僅1位中立，主要對能力和資源不足感到憂慮。認知主要在初期部分年長者因缺乏專業知識抗拒，但經溝通後態度轉變，普遍都接納。 二、 全澳57間托兒所中僅3間提供共融服務，其餘缺乏足夠資源支持特殊需要幼兒。教育人員對融合教育認知不足，家長在溝通中經歷抗拒和否認，參與度低，影響早期介入和治療。 三、 實施融合教育碰到一連串現實問題，包括初入行或部分教育人員的專業能力和認知不足、課程難平衡個性化與標準化，團隊存專業落差致理念衝突，社會宣導不足。 四、 教育人員建議政府建立早期介入機制，縮短評估和治療排期，並增加名額。托兒所應完善培訓機制，提高薪資待遇，降低師生比，以減輕負擔並避免人才流失，並加強社會宣導以提升認知與包容度。 研究者按照數據分析形成參考方案，供澳門特區教育政府、托育服務機構和教學人員作借鑒。