Global Governance and Pandemic Preparedness: Evaluating the Effectiveness of International Frameworks in Preventing and Responding to Public Health Emergencies

This study critically examines the readiness of the current global
governance architecture to prevent future pandemics. Using
qualitative thematic analysis of expert interviews, the research
explores the role of international frameworks such as the
International Health Regulations (IHR) and the World Health
Organization (WHO), identifies governance gaps exposed during
COVID-19, and assesses global cooperation in equitable access to
vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Findings reveal systemic
weaknesses in accountability, equity, and coordination, but also
highlight opportunities for reform through regional organizations,
civil society engagement, and integration of scientific innovation.
This study bridges global institutional design with practical crisis
response, also uniquely reflecting the alignment with Global Goals-
SDGs, while offering a critical assessment of international
preparedness. The paper concludes with recommendations for
strengthening resilience, inclusivity, and accountability in global
health governance