Edoardo MonacoKwok Cho TangCheng, Wah KwanWah KwanChengHuixin LiuBijun Pan2026-02-062026-02-06202197898116242929789811624308https://dspace.usj.edu.mo/handle/123456789/702310.1007/978-981-16-2430-8_5This chapter begins with a general overview of how actions have traditionally been taken across government agencies to prevent and control major causes of mortality and morbidity, with particular regard to infectious diseases. Three case studies then follow, detailing how the Whole-of-Government (WoG) and Health in All Policies (HiAP) approaches have been used to combat COVID-19 in Mainland China as well as in the Macao and Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions respectively, primarily in the period between the end of December 2019 and September 2020. A concluding synthesis of the case studies’ inferences and implications is then provided, setting out what has worked in these contexts, as well as the few key issues that may warrant further attention and research.enbook-chapter