Found, AndrewAndrewFoundHoi Ieng CheongCarlos Duarte2026-02-102026-02-102012-04-23https://dspace.usj.edu.mo/handle/123456789/704210.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00193.xIntroduction The higher level of negative affect reported by Asian undergraduates was investigated in relation to a range of demographic and other factors. Methods A survey of 279 Chinese undergraduates in Macau measured negative affect using the Chinese version of the short form of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results High levels of negative affect among Asian respondents were confirmed. No significant difference related to gender, year of study and origin (local to Macau or from Mainland China) was evident. However, living circumstances, difficulties in making friends, language issues, financial concerns and perceived lack of parental support were identified as exerting a significant influence on levels of negative affect. Discussion These results indicate a cross-cultural difference in levels of negative affect with clinical implications.enjournal-article