Empathy is a capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference. It means stepping into somebody’s shoes. The meaning of sympathy in David Hume is equal to empathy in academic study. In Eastern philosophy there are two terms, which are highly similar to empathy in the Western perspective: karuna in Buddhism and ren in Confucianism. Karuna is a core emotional state in Bodhisattva to express empathy. Ren is a core concept in Confucianism. It starts with Ce yin zi xin, which is similar to empathy. The goal of his thesis is to share the common ground of these terms and find out their differences according to historical context, cognition, emotion, and action dimensions.

Gustatory Taste Aesthetics, the realm of experience, the realm of beauty, is where palate sensory enjoyment and indulgence emerge. Taste aesthetics is about the experience that arises through our sense of taste, where a person experiences delicious food that gives them satisfaction and joy. Is sensory enjoyment a purely subjective matter when “tastiness” varies from person to person? Through the framework of Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception, the process of how consciousness alters the experience of tasting is examined. When an individual has the ability to enhance their gustatory satisfaction, it will be beneficial for their lives and for having a wellbeing of living standards. The diner’s consciousness process can enhance aesthetic satisfaction, which may in turn elevate the chef’s cooking progress. Like Gadamer has said, Art is a game where both parties valuate each other. The Chef, in spite of being a good cook with fresh ingredients, has a crucial component that will result in the intuitive aesthetic satisfaction of the audience.