澳門年輕群體對性別多元態度與態度構成因素之研究

本次研究目的為了解當前澳門年輕群體對性別多元的態度,並找出影響其態度的重要因素。當中以性別本質主義信念、社會支配取向和認知閉合需求作為自變量,找出其三者對性別多元態度的影響力及其關繫性。本次研究採用量性研究,利用相關性及迴歸分析找出對性別多元態度最具影響力的自變量。此研究共有169名受訪者參與,當中有效問卷為152份。其研究結果顯示性別本質主義信念及社會支配取向兩者,均對性別多元的支持性態度產生影響。當中以社會支配取向與性別多元的支持性態度之關連性最強。而性別本質主義信念、社會支配取向及認知閉合需求三者,均對性別多元的不支持態度造成影響,其中以性別本質主義與性別多元的不支持性態度之關連性最強。研究以此結果為突破口,得出透過性別多元教育推動、性小眾的社會福利服務建立、性小眾維權組織的持續擴建、文化交流等方向,持續向社會推廣性別的固化角色並非本質決定的訊息,以改變群體之性別本質觀點,可達成減少澳門年輕群體對性別多元持不支持態度的成效。此外,透過對不同群體之間獲得權力和資源的支援,例如透過社工的角色,藉此社區分享和推廣,向社區逐漸且持續灌溉平權的概念,在宣導性小眾平權的同時,並不會令社會其他群體失去權利,藉此降低社會支配取向之反平等主義,可達致推動澳門年輕群體持性別多元支持態度的成效。期望本次研究能作為開端,讓澳門社會更重視性少眾群體權益,共同建構一個更具多元性、包容性的社會。
The research objective is to update the field’s understanding of the attitudes of gender binary of the younger generation, and also try to inquire into the influential factors. Indicate the relationship between the attitudes of social dominance orientation, need for closure, gender essentialism beliefs and gender diversity. It was conducted with regression analyses to explore possible relationship pathways between the attitudes of social dominance orientation, need for closure, gender essentialism beliefs and gender diversity. This dissertation is a quantitative research. A total of 169 respondents participated in the study, of which 152 were valid questionnaires. The results found that both gender essentialism beliefs and social dominance orientation influence the supportive attitude of gender diversity. Among them, social dominance orientation has the strongest correlation with supportive attitude of gender diversity. The attitude of gender essentialism, social dominance orientation and need for closure all influence the unsupportive attitude of gender diversity, among which gender essentialism has the strongest correlation with the unsupportive attitude of gender diversity. Based on this result, by using those factors, we could promote transformation of non-gender binary culture in society; to build a more diverse and inclusive society; and to protect the rights of non-gender binary groups.