探討多感官教學課程對三年級學生學習語文的記憶保留之影響

The research mainly explores the impact of multisensory teaching on the working memory (memory retention) of third-grade students in Chinese language learning. The research adopted a quasi-experimental design and was conducted with 72 third-grade students from two classes at a private primary school in Macao. The teaching experiment lasted for two weeks, comprising a total of twelve sessions. The experimental group received multisensory instructions (integrating visual, auditory, tactile, kinesthetic, and other sensory channels), while the control group received traditional lecture-based teaching. The working memory performance of the two groups in three types of language knowledge—sentence construction, punctuation usage, and vocabulary—was compared through pre-tests, mid-tests (in-class quizzes), and post-tests (delayed tests one week later). The findings of the study are as follows:
1. Multisensory teaching significantly improved the working memory performance of third-grade students, indicating its positive effect on enhancing working memory.
2. The effectiveness of multisensory teaching varied across different types of language tasks. It showed the most notable effects in vocabulary retention and punctuation application, with strong long-term retention. Although sentence comprehension and construction demonstrated significant immediate effects, long-term retention may require further reinforcement.
3. Multisensory teaching effectively slowed the decay of working memory. By employing multi-sensory encoding strategies, it counteracted the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve and improved memory retention rates.

本研究旨在探討多感官教學對三年級學生在語文學習中記憶保留的影響。 研究以澳門某私立小學兩班三年級學生（共72人）為對象，採用準實驗研究法，進行為期兩週期、共十二次的教學實驗。實驗組接受多感官教學（整合視覺、聽覺、觸覺、動覺等感官通道），對照組則接受傳統講授式教學，並透過前測、中測（隨堂測驗）和後測（一週後延遲測驗）比較兩組在句子、標點符號和詞彙三類語文知識上的記憶保留表現。本研究結論如下： 一、多感官教學能顯著提升小學三年級學生的工作記憶表現，顯示多感官教學對工作記憶具有積極的促進作用。 二、多感官教學對不同語文任務類型之效果存在差異，其中於詞彙記憶與標點符號應用之效果最為顯著，記憶持久性強；句子理解與建構雖即時效果顯著，但長期保持需進一步強化。 三、多感官教學能有效延緩工作記憶衰減，多感官教學通過多重感官編碼策略，有效對抗遺忘曲線，提升記憶保持率。 研究者將根據這些研究結論提出學術與實務層面的建議。