探討透過「五感教學」進行幼兒社交情緒教育之行動研究

在成長過程中，情緒是與生俱來、與人密不可分的，幼兒社交情緒能力能夠影響個人發展，研究者籍由工作環境中某部份幼兒的學習現況以及澳門輕生現象年青化情形延伸出本次研究題目。在整理臺灣、香港及澳門的情緒教育資料中發現，幼兒情緒教育在臺灣的發展比起香港及澳門成熟，所以本次研究希望以教育人員的角度出發，了解澳門幼稚園四至五歲的幼兒社交情緒行為，並透過實行五感情緒教育課程來探討澳門幼兒情緒的常見問題，以及分享教師套用「做中學」論於五感情緒教學上的挑戰與策略，從中提出幼兒情緒教育的建議。
本次研究獲得結論如下:
1. 澳門四至五歲幼兒於校園生活中已有基本的社交情緒，但需要成人細心觀察及引導才能在情緒能力上有更好的發展。
2. 五感教育手法適用於澳門幼稚園的四至五歲幼兒社交情緒教學上。
3. 五感教育幼兒社交情緒能有助有語言困難的幼兒提升表達能力及社交技巧。
4. 「做中學」論中的反省思維為研究員、教師及幼兒成長的重要元素。
基於研究結論及研究過程的心得向以下人士提出建議:
一、對教育機構
1. 幼稚園適合推廣情緒教育
2. 將情緒培訓課程以巡迴形式帶入校園
3. 主動向專業人士購買培訓課程
二、教育同工
1. 提高情緒教育的意識
2. 重視幼兒於情緒能力上的個別差異 3. 在情緒教育上應讓幼兒建立安全感 4. 注重以五感出發的情緒教育手法
三、幼兒照顧者
1. 使用正確的情緒名稱來與幼兒溝通
四、未來作情緒研究的相關人士
1. 使用多元化的資訊作幼兒情緒評量 2. 加入表格作自我的定期分析
3. 可以五感教學作融合生的情緒教育
本次研究旨在探討研究者經過使用五感教學法教育幼兒情緒後，能否幫助幼兒提升社交情緒學習動機，因此採取質性研究之行動研究法來進行。
研究中透過這十二節的情緒課堂，規劃出適合幼兒的情緒課程，展現了五感教育情緒的可行性，深化了《基本學歷要求》中情緒教育的範疇，為在未來給予其他研究人員更多有關情緒推動學習動機的資訊，亦為澳門幼兒教育界作出貢獻。

Emotion is innate and plays a key role in people’s growth. The social emotional competence of young children can have profound effect on their personal development. The topic of this research paper is inspired by: (i) the current learning situation of some young children who are taught by the researcher and (ii) the rising number of juvenile suicide cases in Macau. After collating the information and date related to emotional education from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, it is found that the development of emotional education of young children is more advanced in Taiwan than in Hong Kong and Macau. Therefore, from the perspective of educational staff, this research aims to (i) understand the social emotional behavior of young children aged 4 to 5, (ii) explore the common emotional issues of young children in Macau through the five senses teaching approach, (iii) share the challenges and strategies that the teacher faces when “learning by doing” the five senses teaching approach in the genuine classroom environment and (iv) raise some suggestions related to emotional education of young children based on the teaching experience.
The conclusions of this research are as follows:
1. Children aged 4 to 5 in Macau have basic social emotions at school, but they need the careful observation and guidance from adults in order to have better development in emotional competence.
2. Five senses teaching approach is appropriate for teaching social emotions to children aged 4 to 5 in the kindergartens in Macau.
3. Five senses teaching approach can aid young children with language difficulty to boost their communication ability and social skill.
4. The reflective thought in the theory “learning by doing” is an important element for the researcher, teachers and young children to grow.
Based on the conclusions and processes of the research, these suggestions can be provided to the following parties:
A. To educational institutes
1. It is appropriate to advocate emotional education in kindergartens is appropriate
2. Emotional training programs can be promoted on different campuses in the form of tour.
3. Purchase the training programs from the professionals actively
B. To fellow educational staff
1. Raise the awareness of emotional education
2. Put emphasis on the individual differences of emotional competence in young children
3. Let young children have the sense of safety in the emotional education
4. Focus on the emotional teaching methods based on five senses
C. To caregivers of young children
1. Use the correct names of emotions when communicating with young children D. To scholars who will conduct emotional researches in the future
1. Use a diversity of information for evaluating children’s emotions
2. Use some charts for personal analysis regularly
3. Five senses teaching approach can be adopted when teaching emotional education in inclusive classrooms.
This research aims to explore whether young children’s motivation in learning social and emotional skills can be enhanced after the researcher has used the five senses teaching approach to teach emotions to young children. During the twelve emotional education lessons in this research, an emotional curriculum which more suite the young children has planned out, and also shows a possibility of using five senses teaching approach on socail emotion, deeped the area in socail emotion of BAA, giving more information about how emotion can boost the learning motivation and do contribution to researchers on this emotional teaching.