澳門高小學生偏差行為現況、成因及處理方法的個案研究

本研究探討澳門現時某一寄宿學校高小學生偏差行為的現況、成因及教師、 舍家長和家長的處理方法。研究員在該校工作已有七年，發現其學生出現不同程 度及類型的偏差行為，對於教師、舍家長及家長造成困擾。為了逹成研究目的， 採用質性研究的深度訪談法，利用立意抽樣，訪談該校高小學生的三位教師、四 位舍家長及三位家長，共訪談了 10 人。在訪談前，首先派發研究員自編的偏差 行為問卷給 10 位受訪者，瞭解目前困擾他們的偏差行為後，再以自編的半結構 式訪談大綱進行訪談。本研究的有如下的發現:
一. 高小學生的偏差行為，可分為以下六個方面:
1. 個人狀況:偏差行為影響學生自身的學習、情緒及養成不良的習慣。
2. 同儕互動:同學之間在學校及家舍出現騷擾、欺凌、挑釁及暴力行為，亦會因為同學的個人習慣而受到影響。
3. 學校糾紛:教師處理同學問題的方法引起學生不滿而做出反抗行為。另外有學生回到家舍，對舍家長才會出現不滿的情緒。
4. 家舍對立:除了在學校，學生在家舍亦會不滿意舍家長處理問題的方法，而出現反抗行為。
5. 家庭摩擦:家長與學生的溝通出現問題，有些學生與家長發生衝突，還有些學生會欺凌長輩。
6. 社會影響:現時社會科技與資訊發逹，學生透過智能電話玩含有賭博成份的遊戲，在遊戲內更會挑釁別人。另外還有瀏覽色情資訊。
二. 高小學生的偏差行為，分別由六個因素所導致，包括學校因素、家舍因素、 家庭因素、個人因素、同儕因素、社會因素。
三. 教師、舍家長及家長處理高小學生的偏差行為，分別運用正向管教與輔導、 懲戒及體罰的方法。綜合以上的發現， 對社會、學校、家舍及家長等方面提出建議，希望 。

This case study explores the current situation and causes of senior primary students’ deviant behaviors and the methods of how teachers, wardens and parents deal with these behaviours in a boarding school in Macau. The investigator has been working at this primary school for seven years and found that his students have demonstrated various types and levels of deviant behaviors which cause tremendous disturbance to teachers, wardens and parents. To achieve the objectives of this study, the investigator adopted a qualitative research method in which indepth interviews with a total of ten samples including three teachers, four wardens and three parents were conducted by means of the purposive sampling method. Prior to conducting interviews, a questionnaire regarding types of deviant behaviors developed by the investigator was distributed to interviewees so as to have a preliminary idea of the types of students’ deviant behaviours they ususally came across. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with reference to the interview guide. The findings of this study are as follows:
I. Senior primary students’ deviant behaviors can be divided into six categories:
1. Personal effect: Deviant behaviors affect students' own learning, emotions and development of poor habits.
2. Peer interaction: Disturbance, bullying, provocation and violence in school and homes are affected by habits of individual students.
3. School Disputes: Students feel dissatisfied and demonstrate resistance owing to teachers’ methods of dealing with classmates' problems. In addition, some students demonstrate negative emotion toward their warden when returning home.
4. Opposition towards warden: Students demonstrate resistance behaviors when they are not satisfied with the way their wardens deal with problems.
5. Family friction: Communication problems arise between parents and students. Some students have conflicts with their parents, and some will bully their elder.
6. Social Influence: The rapidly developed information technology triggers off students’ provoking behaviors through gambling games and browsing sexual websites with their cell phones.
II. There are six factors affecting senior primary students’ deviant behaviors. They include school factors, home factors, family factors, personal factors, peer factors, and social factors.
III. Teachers, wardens and parents adopt guidance and counseling approach, general punishment and corporal punishment to deal with senior primary students deviant behaviors.
Based on the above findings, the investigator attempts to make recommendations at the system level, the school level, the home level and the family level in the hope that students’ deviant behaviors can be reduced and the method of dealing with deviant behaviors could be improved.