澳門小學教師性別意識與實踐性別平等教育的研究

本研究旨在探討現時澳門小學教師的性別意識、性別平等教育的理念、 在日常教學中實踐性別平等教育的情況、對澳門推行性別平等教育面對的挑戰 及提出建議。並從學校課程、女性主義、性別刻板印象及前人研究等角度加以 分析，期望能進一步探究澳門小學教師的性別意識和實踐性別平等教育的關係。
研究以八名現職澳門小學教師 (四男四女) 為對象，運用半結構式的訪談 方法對他們進行訪問。整理分析訪談資料得出研究結論如下:
一、教師的性別意識已基本擺脫傳統的性別刻板觀念，有性別平等的概 念。並且教師的性別意識受個人成長經驗影響，從家庭教育、學校教育及與社 會的互動歷程中透過自我反思和覺察而再轉化和強化。
二、教師能檢視和察覺生活中和教學中性別刻板印象的存在，了解性別 平等教育的核心概念，但對實質內容了解不足。
三、教師已有多元性別特質的概念，在平日教學實踐中也有傳遞性別平 等教育的信息，但仍保留一定的性別刻板印象，主要體現在對不同性別學生的 管教態度和行為規範有所不同，這與教師的性別、年齡及教學年資並沒有顯著 的關係。
四、男教師對性別平等教育的察覺性比女教師高。
五、教師認為在澳門推行性別平等教育困難在於社會根深蒂固及習以為 常的性別不平等文化，且得不到政府、教師、家長的重視，及教科書存在的性 別刻板印象和性別課題的缺失。
六、教師建議需要平衡和重新審視教科書，突破性別刻板印象的局限。 嘗試革新教學模式和內容以及提供更多相關的師資培訓供教師參加。
最後，本文依研究結論分別從政府、社會、學校及家長層面對提升澳門 小學教師性別意識和澳門推行性別平等教育提出幾項建議，希望能作為日後研 究參考之用。

The study aims to investigate the gender consciousness of primary school teachers, the situation on practicing gender equality in their teaching, their challenges and suggestions on implementing gender equality education in Macau. The study contains the analysis from different perspectivessuch as school curriculum, feminism, gender stereotypes, as well as other previous studies, looking forward to seeing
further exploration on the relationship between gender consciousness and the practice in gender equality education of primary school teachers in Macau. The study is based on the data collected by adopting semi structured interviews with 8 sampled primary school teachers in Macau (4 males and 4 females). Details of the findings are as follows:
1. The gender consciousness of teachers has been basically got rid of traditional gender stereotypes and contains the concept of gender equality. In addition, the gender consciousness of a teacher is affected by personal growth experience. It is transformed and strengthened through self-reflection and awareness
in the process of family education, school education, and social interaction.
2. Teachers can review and be aware of the existence of gender stereotypes in their daily life and teaching context. Teachers understand the core concepts of gender equality education, but they do not understand the actual content thoroughly.
3. Teachers have the concept of gender diversity. They deliver the message of gender equality education in their teaching. Nevertheless, certain gender stereotypes which are mainly reflected in different attitudes and codes of conduct on different genders of students are still retained in their minds. There is no significant correlation with teacher's gender, age and teaching experience.
4. Male teachers are more aware of gender equality education than female teachers.
5. Teachers believe that the difficulties in promoting gender equality education in Macau are the deeply ingrained societal cultures and the accustomed gender equality, and no attention paid by the government, teachers and parents. Moreover, textbooks still contain gender stereotypes and lack gender topics.
6. Teachers suggest that there should be a gender balance in the textbooks through the process of content review in order to break through the limitation of gender stereotypes. They also suggest to innovate the teaching methods and update the content. Moreover, additional relevant training should be provided for teachers.
Based on the findings, the researcher would like to make several recommendations on improving gender consciousness of primary school teachers and the promotion of implementing gender equality education in Macau by the government, the society, schools and parents respectively. The recommendations will be good references for further research studies in future.