澳門幼稚園教師對幼兒偏差行為的態度及輔導策略

現時本澳全力推動融合教育,使融合教育逐漸普及化,而幼兒的偏差行為已成為本澳幼稚園教師的日常挑戰。本研究旨在研討幼稚園教師對幼兒偏差行為的態度及其輔導策略,而研究員認為阿德勒的說法─自然與邏輯的行為結果,能讓學生慢慢感受及體會偏差行為帶來的後果及邏輯性的結果,為最佳的輔導方法。是次研究採用質性研究的深入訪談法,對 13 位具有不同教育背景及教育經驗的幼教師進行約時 60 分鐘的訪談,資料收集分別以錄音研究者現場筆錄及期刊反思等,是次研究歸納出 80 個關於偏差行為和輔導策略的編碼簿,並使用三角認證的測量方法進行資料分析。
研究結果顯示,幼教師對幼兒的態度大致分為三種,包括逃避消極面對及積極面對型三種,而影響其態度可能是因為:
(1)幼教師對偏差行為與 SEN 兩者關係認識不深;
(2)教師的資歷和教育背景可能會導致對幼兒偏差行為產生偏見。同時受訪教師亦提出了六種輔導幼兒偏差行為的策略,分別為正增強與負增強良好的師生關係繪本教學體適能威逼與利誘及律動。本研究對於幼兒偏差行為提供實用的參考價值及意義重大,為未來幼稚園的教師培訓提出重要的啟示。

As inclusive education is getting popular, the problematic behaviours of young children have become a daily challenge to kindergarten teachers in Macau. This study aims at studying the kindergarten teachers’ perspectives on young children’s problem behaviours and their intervention strategies. With Adler’s theory on the result of natural and logical behaviour, the study was conducted in qualitative approach with semi-structured in-depth interview with 13 kindergarten teachers who have different education and teaching experiences backgrounds. Data collection strategies included audio recording, researcher’s field notes and reflective journal. Coding with 80 pre-codes on problem behaviours and intervention strategies, and triangulation methods were used for data analysis. Results reveal that there are three types of teacher perspectives towards young children’s problem behaviours: evasion, negative and positive attitudes. Attributes of these attitudes may include:
(1) Teachers’ insufficient knowledge on the differences between problem behaviours and SEN behaviours;
(2) The background of seniority and education background of the teachers may contribute to bias on children’s problem behaviour.
Six counselling strategies are commonly identified to be useful, including:
physical fitness, picture book teaching, positive and negative reinforcement, coercion and inducement, rhythm and building trustful relationship with children. This study is of significance in providing a practical reference on problem behaviours and shades some important light for future kindergarten teacher training.